Teaching About Religions in European School Systems
by Luce PepinContents
Preface: The ‘Religion and Democracy in Europe’ initiative 5
About the author and advisory group 6
Introduction 9
Context 9
Objectives of the study 11
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1 Europe and diversity 13
1.1 The context of teaching about religions 13
1.1.1 Separation of church and state and secularization 13
1.1.2 Religious freedom and freedom of education 16
1.1.3 Cultural and ethnic diversity 17
1.2 The place of teaching about religions in education systems and the
different approaches adopted 18
1.2.1 Character and status 19
1.2.2 Place in the curriculum 25
1.2.3 Teachers 28
1.2.4 Taking account of religious diversity 29
1.2.5 Religious symbols in school 32
1.2.6 Research and pedagogy 33
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2 Common trends and challenges for the 21st century 36
2.1 Developments and trends 36
2.1.1 Adapting to new realities 36
2.1.2 Some disquieting trends 39
2.2 Common challenges 42
2.2.1 High‑quality teaching for all students 43
2.2.2 A basis in intercultural and citizenship education 45
2.2.3 Taking religious diversity effectively into account 48
Conclusion 52
Towards a European Reference Framework on the conditions for
high‑quality intercultural teaching about religions and other convictions
in state education 54
Appendix A Main bibliographical sources 56
Appendix B Main networks and organizations 58
Appendix C National profiles 60
Czech Republic 60
England 63
France 68
Romania 74
Spain 78
Sweden 82
The Netherlands 87
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